What is the PCI-E cable powering and what is the function of the PCI-E cable?

PCI-E (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) cable is a data transfer and power supply cable used to connect a computer's motherboard to various expansion cards. It is a high-speed, reliable interface standard for connecting graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, storage controllers, and various other external devices.
PCI-E cables are used in two main areas: data transfer and power supply. The functions of PCI-E cables are described in detail below.
Data transfer:
One of the main functions of the PCI-E cable is to transfer data between the computer motherboard and the expansion card. It provides a high-bandwidth, high-speed data transfer channel that allows expansion cards to communicate with the motherboard quickly and reliably. PCI-E cables use serial data transfer to transfer data simultaneously over multiple data channels (called "lanes"), each with a high speed and independent bandwidth. This parallel transfer method provides higher data throughput, enabling expansion cards to handle more data and deliver better performance.
Power supply:
The PCI-E cable is also responsible for providing power to the expansion card. While transferring data, the PCI-E cable provides the expansion card with the required power through a power system connected to the motherboard. This eliminates the need for additional power cables and allows the expansion card to draw the required power from the motherboard. This design makes it easier and more convenient to install and configure expansion cards, and reduces the need for external power supplies.
The power supply capability of PCI-E cables depends on the specification version and slot type. PCI-E cables can provide different power levels to meet the needs of different types of expansion cards. Newer PCI-E specification versions typically offer higher power supply capabilities to support higher performance graphics cards and other power-hungry devices that consume more power.
In addition to data transfer and power supply, PCI-E cables have the following features and functions:
Hot-swappable: PCI-E cables support hot-swappable functionality, allowing users to connect or disconnect expansion cards while the computer is running without having to reboot the computer. This allows users to replace or upgrade expansion cards as needed at any time, improving system flexibility and scalability.
Scalability: PCI-E cables are designed to allow multiple PCI-E slots to be added to a computer's motherboard to support simultaneous connection of multiple expansion cards. This allows users to use multiple devices at the same time, such as multiple graphics cards for multi-monitor setups, or multiple high-performance expansion cards for parallel computing at the same time.
Compatibility: PCI-E cables are a standardized interface with excellent compatibility. This means that most modern computer motherboards and expansion cards support the PCI-E interface, whether on a desktop or laptop. This compatibility allows users to choose from a variety of different expansion cards and to interchange and migrate between different computer systems.
To summarize, a PCI-E cable is an interface cable used for data transfer and power supply. It enables fast and reliable communication between a computer's motherboard and expansion cards via a high-speed data path and stable power supply, and supports the connection and use of various types of expansion cards. the functions and features of the PCI-E cable enable higher performance, better scalability, and broader compatibility of computer systems.

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